Brief Introduction

Synonyms--- Korean Ginseng

Ginsenoside Rg1(Ginsenoside A2,Panaxoside A, Sanchinoside C1)

Chemical Name:6, 20-Bis (β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(3β, 6α, 12β, 20S)-3, 6, 12, 20- tetrahydroxydammar-24-ene
Molecular Formula: C₄₂H₇₂O₁₄

Mol. Wt.:801.01 g/mol

Molecular Structure:

Ginseng has a history going back 5,000 years. It was the most valued in herbal medicine in the Orient. Ginseng has been highly regarded in the Far East. However, over the last decades it has gained popularity in the West. Ginseng is grown on mountain slope in East Asia (China, Korea). The roots are harvested in the autumn from plants 6-7 years old.

Ginseng is any one of eleven distinct species of slow-growing perennial plants with fleshy roots, belonging to the Panax genus in the family Araliaceae. It grows in the Northern Hemisphere in eastern Asia (mostly northern China, Korea, and eastern Siberia), typically in cooler climates; Panax vietnamensis, discovered in Vietnam, is the southernmost ginseng found. This article focuses on the Series Panax ginsengs, which are the adaptogenic herbs, principally Panax ginseng and P. quinquefolius (American Ginseng). Ginseng is characterized by the presence of ginsenosides.

The English word ginseng derives from the Chinese term rénshēn (simplified: 人参; traditional: 人蔘), literally "man root" (referring to the root's characteristic forked shape, resembling the legs of a man). The English pronunciation derives from a southern Chinese reading. The botanical/genus name Panax means "all-heal" in Greek, sharing the same origin as "panacea," and was applied to this genus because Linnaeus was aware of its wide use in Chinese medicine as a muscle relaxant.

Besides Panax ginseng, there are many other plants which are also known as or mistaken for the ginseng root. The most commonly known examples are Xiyangshen, also known as American ginseng 西洋参(Panax quinquefolius), Japanese ginseng 东洋参(Panax ginseng), prince ginseng 太子參(Pseudostellaria heterophylla), and Siberian ginseng 刺五加(Eleutherococcus senticosus). Although all have the name ginseng, each plant has distinctively different functions. However, true ginseng plants belong to the Panax genus. There are some other adaptogenic plants are sometimes referred to as ginsengs, but they are either from a different family or genus. Only jiaogulan actually contains compounds closely related to ginsenosides, although ginsenosides alone do not determine the effectiveness of ginseng. Since each of these plants has different uses, one should research their properties before using. They include: Gynostemma pentaphyllum (southern ginseng, jiaogulan),Eleutherococcus senticosus (Siberian ginseng),Pseudostellaria heterophylla (prince ginseng), Withania somnifera (Indian ginseng, ashwagandha), Pfaffia paniculata (Brazilian ginseng, suma), Lepidium meyenii (Peruvian ginseng, maca), Oplopanax horridus (Alaskan ginseng), Other plants which are referred to as ginsengs may not be adaptogens (although notoginseng is in the genus Panax): Angelica sinensis (female ginseng, dong quai),Panax notoginseng (known as san qi, tian qi or tien chi, hemostatic ingredient in Yunnan Bai Yao)

Both Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) and American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) roots are taken orally as adaptogens, aphrodisiacs, nourishing stimulants, and in the treatment of type II diabetes, as well as for sexual dysfunction in men. The root is most often available in dried form, either whole or sliced. Ginseng leaf, although not as highly prized, is sometimes also used; as with the root, it is most often available in dried form. This ingredient may also be found in some popular energy drinks, often the "tea" varieties; in these products, ginseng is usually present in subclinical doses and does not have measurable medicinal effects. It can be found in cosmetic preparations as well, but has not been shown to have clinically effective results.

P. quinquefolius American ginseng (root)

According to Traditional Chinese Medicine, American ginseng promotes yin energy, cleans excess yang in the body, and calms the body. The two main components of ginseng are claimed to be in different proportions in the Asian and American varieties, and are speculated to be the cause of the excitatory versus tonic natures.

Most North American ginseng is produced in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and British Columbia and the American state of Wisconsin, according to Agri-food Canada. P. quinquefolius is now also grown in northern China.

Panax ginseng Asian ginseng (root)

According to Traditional Chinese Medicine, Panax ginseng promotes yang energy, improves circulation, increases blood supply, revitalizes and aids recovery from weakness after illness, and stimulates the body. It is available in four forms:

The form called fresh ginseng (FG) is the raw product.

The form called white ginseng (WG) is fresh ginseng which has been dried. It is grown for four to six years, and then peeled and dried to reduce the water content to 12% or less. White ginseng is air dried in the sun and may contain less of the therapeutic constituents. It is thought by some that enzymes contained in the root break down these constituents in the process of drying. Drying in the sun bleaches the root to a yellowish-white color.

The form called red ginseng (RG) is harvested after six years, is not peeled and is steam-cured at standard boiling temperatures of 100 degrees Celsius, thereby giving it a glossy reddish-brown color. Steaming the root is thought to change its biochemical composition and also to prevent the breakdown of the active ingredients. The roots are then dried. RG is more common as herbal medicine than WG, and there is increasing research on the pharmacological activities of RG specific ginsenosides.

The form called sun ginseng (SG) is created from a heat processing method which increases ginsenoside components such as ginsenoside-[Rg.sub.3], -[Rk.sub.1] and -[Rg.sub.5] by steaming white ginseng at a higher temperature than red ginseng. The herb is steamed for three hours at 120 [degrees]C. Research has shown that SG has increased nitric oxide, superoxide, hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite scavenging activities compared with conventionally processed RG or WG. The increased steaming temperature produces an optimal amount of biological activity due to its ability to amplify specific ginsenosides. Japanese researchers set out to investigate the antioxidant effect of SG on oxidative stress.

Red Ginseng (RG)

Red ginseng (RG) (Korean:??(hong-sam), simplified Chinese: 红参; traditional Chinese: 紅蔘), is Panax ginseng that has been heated, either through steaming or sun-drying. It is frequently marinated in an herbal brew which results in the root becoming extremely brittle. This version of ginseng is traditionally associated with stimulating sexual function and increasing energy. Another study reported red ginseng reduced the relapse of gastric cancer versus control.A study of ginseng's effects on rats found that while both white ginseng and red ginseng appear to reduce the incidence of cancer, the effects appear to be greater with red ginseng.

Wild ginseng (WG)

Wild ginseng is that which grows naturally and is harvested from wherever it is found to be growing. Wild ginseng is relatively rare, and even increasingly endangered, due in large part to high demand for the product in recent years, which has led to the wild plants being sought out and harvested faster than new ones can grow (it requires years for a root to reach maturity). Wild ginseng can be either Asian or American, and can be processed to be red ginseng. Woods-grown plants have a value comparable to wild-grown ginseng of similar age.

The major active ingredient in ginseng is Ginsenosides. Ginsenosides are a class of steroid-like compounds (about 39 kinds, mainly asGinsenoside Rb1 (C54H92O23) Ginsenoside Rb2 (C53H90O22) Ginsenoside Rb3 (C53H90O22 ) Ginsenoside Rc (C53H90O22)  Ginsenoside Re (C48H82O18)  Ginsenoside Rf11 (C6H18O24) Ginsenoside Rg1 (C42H72O14) Ginsenoside Rg2 (C42H72O13) Ginsenoside Rh1 C36H62O9)  Ginsenoside Rh2 (C36H62O8) Ginsenoside Rh3 C36H60O7)). They are behind the claims of ginseng’s efficacy. Ginseng is highly prized as an adaptogen. Due to its adaptogenic properties, ginseng is used to lower cholesterol, increase energy and endurance, reduce fatigue and effects of stress, as well as prevent infections. It can alleviate some major effects of aging, such as degeneration of the blood system and increase mental and physical capacity. It even appears to help people with diabetes.

Ginsenosides are a class of steroid glycosides, and triterpene saponins, found exclusively in the plant genus Panax (ginseng). Ginsenosides have been the target of research, as they are viewed as the active compounds behind the claims of ginseng's efficacy. Because ginsenosides appear to affect multiple pathways, their effects are complex and difficult to isolate.

Ginsenosides are separated by column chromatography. Ginsenoside content can vary widely depending on species, location of growth, and growing time before harvest.

The root, the organ most often used, contains saponin complexes. These are often split into two groups: the Rb1 group (characterized by the protopanaxadiol presence: Rb1, Rb2, Rc and Rd) and the Rg1 group (protopanaxatriol: Rg1, Re, Rf, and Rg2).

Rb1 group appears to be most abundant in Panax quinquefolius (American Ginseng).Rb1 seems to affect the reproductive system in animal testicles. Recent research shows that Rb1 affects rat embryo development and has teratogenic effects, causing birth defects. Another study shows that Rb1 may increase testosterone production in male rats indirectly through the stimulation of the luteinizing hormone. Traditional Chinese medicine asserts that Panax quinquefolius promotes yin in the body. It also inhibits chemoinvasion and angiogenesis.

Ginsenoside Rg1 group appears to be most abundant in Panax ginseng (Chinese/Korean Ginseng). It improves spatial learning and increase hippocampal synaptophysin level in mice, plus estrogen-like activity (which could account for the boosting of "yin" theory).Ginsenoside Rg2 appears also to be abundant in Panax ginseng and could protect memory impairment via anti-apoptosis in a rat model with vascular dementia. Rg2 is a α-L-Rha→β-D-Glc glycoside of panaxatriol. Rf presents in Panax ginseng; not present in Panax quinquefolius.

Herbal Extract Powers is the place where you can find high quality, high Ginsenoside percentage Ginseng. Among the product of specification of 80% Total Ginsenosides, there are over 65%.Main Ginsenosides, such as 12%.Re, 6.5%.Rg1, 4% Rb1, 6.5%.Rc, 8.5%.Rb2, l6%.Rb3, 12.5% Rd.

The Ginseng Panax Extract used in dietary supplements is derived from the roots (Red ginseng Roots), or leaves and stems, or flowers, or fruits of the plant Ginseng Panax. The buyers must make it clear that what kind of product you are inquiring.

Benefits

·Increases memory

·Helps with radiation damage

·Acts as an antioxidant

·Benefits Insomnia & sleep disorder

·Inhibits blood coagulation

·Increases overall citality

·Improves vision and hearing

·Strengthen nervous system

·Benefits menopausal stages

·Works as general stimulant

·Removes toxins from body

·Slows degeneration of cells

·Increases longevity

Mechanism

Not available.

Safety

Ginseng Panax Extract is safe, no side effects have been reported to date, but relying on this type of treatment alone, and avoiding conventional medical care, and over dosage may have serious health consequences.

Dosage

•  The typical dose is 50-300mg per day (based on 80% Ginsenosides, usually in 2-3 doses throughout the day, no more than 400mg/day).Drink plenty of water as Ginseng is heat.
•  Consult physicians for different condition specifics.

GNI’s Ginseng Panax Extract Features and Benefits:

Ginseng Panax Extract is one of GNI's most competitive products, with many advantages as list in the following, produced as our patent-pending process and know-how technology from different parts of Ginseng Panax.

•  Produced with pure water only

•  High purity: over 80%

•  NO solvent - residual free

•  Pesticide-free

•  Light Yellow in appearance

•  High solubility in water

•  High anti-bacteria, and longer shelf life

Product Specifications:

Extracts: 2%, 4%, 7%, 15%, 30% Ginsenosides HPLC, 80% Ginsenosides UV

Ginseng Root Powder: 2%, 4%, 5% Ginsenosides HPLC