Selected anthocyanidins and their substitutions
Anthocyanidin	Basic structure	R^3'	R^4'	R^5'	R³	R⁵	R⁶	R⁷
Aurantinidin		−H	−OH	−H	−OH	−OH	−OH	−OH
Cyanidin		−OH	−OH	−H	−OH	−OH	−H	−OH
Delphinidin		−OH	−OH	−OH	−OH	−OH	−H	−OH
Europinidin		−OCH₃	−OH	−OH	−OH	−OCH₃	−H	−OH
Luteolinidin		−OH	−OH	−H	−H	−OH	−H	−OH
Pelargonidin		−H	−OH	−H	−OH	−OH	−H	−OH
Malvidin		−OCH₃	−OH	−OCH₃	−OH	−OH	−H	−OH
Peonidin		−OCH₃	−OH	−H	−OH	−OH	−H	−OH
Petunidin		−OH	−OH	−OCH₃	−OH	−OH	−H	−OH
Rosinidin		−OCH₃	−OH	−H	−OH	−OH	−H	−OCH₃

Note: Not to be confused with Anthocyanins, which are glycosides of Anthocyanidins.

Morus alba, known as white mulberry (or Morus nigra, known as black mulberry, or other over 10 species), is a short-lived, fast-growing, small to medium sized mulberry tree, which grows to 10–20 feet tall. The species is native to northern China, and is widely cultivated and naturalized elsewhere. The white mulberry is widely cultivated to feed the silkworms for silk. Cultivation of white mulberry for silkworms began over four thousand years ago in China. In 2002, 6,260km2 of land were devoted to the species in China.

White mulberry leaves, spades shaped, are the preferred feedstock for silkworms, and are also cut for food for livestock (cattle, goats, etc.) in areas where dry seasons restrict the availability of ground vegetation. The leaves were also long used for medicinal purposes. The fruit is 1–2.5cm long; in the species in the wild it is deep purple, but in many cultivated plants it varies from white to pink; it is sweet but bland, unlike the more intense flavor of the red mulberry and black mulberry. The fruit are eaten, often dried or made into wine, and were used for medicinal purposes. The mulberry root barks, in traditional Chinese medicine name “Sang-Bai-Pi”(White Mulberry Root-Bark)are used for medicinal purposes.

In traditional Chinese medicine, the fruits are used to treat prematurely grey hair, to "tonify" the blood, and treat constipation and diabetes. Freeze-dried powder of mulberry (Morus alba L.) fruit has Hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects, for its rich content of anthocyanidins. In vitro and vivo studies show it also has neuroprotective effects. It also helps the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. An acidified methanolic extract of the fruit of morus alba can be used as an acid-base indicator in acid-base titrations. Titration shows sharp colour change at the equivalence point. This is a natural indicator that is useful, economical, simple and accurate for determining acids and bases.

The Mulberry fruit extract used in dietary supplements is derived from the fruits of the plant mulberry trees (Morus alba L.).

Benefits

• Tonify the blood;

• Treat constipation;

• Treat diatbets;

• Hypolipidemic effects

• Antioxidant effects

• Neuoprotective effects;

• Treat hyperurica and goat

• Blood sugar lowering activities;

• Free radical scavenging activities;

• Immune adjustment activities;

• Weight loss activities by prevent absorption of glucose.

Mechanism

Refer to the above information.

Safety

Mulberry fruit extract is safe, no side effects have been reported to date, but relying on this type of treatment alone, and avoiding conventional medical care, may have serious health consequences.

Dosage

• The typical dose is 300-900mg per day (usually in 2-3 doses throughout the day).
• Consult physicians for different condition specifics.

GNI’s Mulberry Fruit Extract Features and Benefits:

Mulberry fruit extract is one of GNI's most competitive products, with many advantages as list in the following, produced as our patent-pending process and know-how technology from Morus alba fruits.

• Produced with pure water only

• High purity: over 25%

• NO solvent - residual free

• Pesticide-free

• Dark purple in appearance

• High solubility in water

• High anti-bacteria, and longer shelf life

Product Specifications:

5%, 10%, 25% Anthocyanidins UV;

10:1

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